Indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) are semi-rigid, flexible tubes. They drain the bladder but block the urethra. IUCshave double lumens, or separate channels, running down it lengthwise. One of the lumen is open at both ends and allows for urine drainage by connection to a drainage bag.
The other lumen has a valve on the outside end and connects to a balloon at the tip; the balloon is inflated with sterile water when it lies inside the bladder, and allows for retention in the bladder. These are known as two-way catheters.
The name of the Foley catheter comes from the designer, Frederic Foley, a surgeon working in Boston, Massachusetts, in the 1930s. His original design was adopted by C. R. Bard, Inc. who manufactured the first prototypes and named them in honor of the surgeon
Catheter sizes are colored-coded at the balloon inflation site for easy identification
The relative size of a Foley catheter is described using French units (Fr). In general, urinary catheters range in size from 8Fr to 36Fr in diameter. 1 Fr is equivalent to 0.33 mm = .013" = 1/77" in diameter.
The crosssectional diameter of a urinary catheter is equal to three times the diameter.
Since urethral mucosa contains elastic tissue which will close around the catheter once inserted, the catheter chosen should be the smallest catheter that will adequately drain urine.
Size Considerations
- The routine use of large-size catheters diameters can cause more erosion of the bladder neck and urethral mucosa, can cause stricture formation, and do not allow adequate drainage of peri-urethral gland secretions, causing a buildup of secretions that may lead to irritation and infection.
- Larger Fr sizes (e.g., 20-24 Fr) are most commonly used for drainage of blood clots.
- The most commonly utilized indwelling transurethral and suprapubic catheters range from 14 to 16Fr in both adult females and males.
- A 14 or 16 Fr is also the standard catheter in most commercially available IUC insertion kits or trays.
- In adolescents, catheter size 14 Fr is often used but for younger children, pediatric catheter sizes of 6-12 Fr are preferred.